Tuesday, 22 May 2012

The Beast is Back

Fears that a ferocious big cat could be on the loose in a remote mountain range of mid-Wales has flared up after the mutilated carcasses of 20 sheep were found  torn to shreds.

Beast of Bont returns to Welsh Killing Fields
The carnage was scattered across moorland near to the Devil's Bridge in the Cambrian Mountains near Aberystwyth, west Wales, an area long linked to the so-called “Beast of Bont”, a big cat believed have been on the loose for decades.

It is here, high in the mountains near Aberystwyth, so the story goes, that the Devil was last seen in Wales after he was embarrassed at being outwitted by an old lady. There is a village here where a very old bridge crosses a deep gorge. Above it are two other bridges built at later dates. But the lowest one they say was built by the Devil himself.

Devil's Bridge
Mark Davey, from Borth, Ceredigion, found two large groups of mutilated sheep and lambs in fields about two miles apart. After walking for about an hour in remote land high up on the mountains, he found a couple of dead sheep. Walking further on he came to some woods and found several more dead sheep. Mr Davey said, "Each time we saw them we thought that something had quite clearly attacked them because they looked like they had been ripped apart.”

Following the discovery of 12 badly mutilated dead sheep at nearby Ysbyty Ystwyth in 1981 the savage big cat was dubbed the Beast of Bont after the village of Pontrhydfendigaid, which was at the centre of the animal's hunting ground and within a few miles of Devil's Bridge.

Locals have been reporting sightings of an unknown “puma-like creature” since the 1970s, and now fear the predator has returned and struck again.

In 1981, the farmer of Llwynhywel, Trawscoed came across a rotting sheep carcass with a pawprint of a big cat nearby, the tracks led on for half a mile. The farmer estimated the animal's body was about 4' 6" from its front to rear legs. RSPCA officers made plaster casts of the prints but wildlife experts from Chester Zoo identified the prints as those belonging to a large dog.

During the Winter of 1995-96 a number of mutilated sheep were found near Mynachlog Ystrad Fflur and farmers again began reporting sightings of a mysterious feline predator stalking the countryside, killing stock swiftly and savagely. A number of local farmers met with Dr Quentin Rose, an expert from Scotland, and called for the Welsh Office to fund an attempt to catch the big cat.

There have been intermittent sightings and reports of big cats across Borth, Talybont, Talgarreg and Bontgoch over recent years, yet despite sweeping the area Dyfed-Powys police have found nothing to confirm the presence of big cats in the area.

The only animal that kills indiscriminately in the manner described here is the domestic dog. Loose dogs chase down and rip apart sheep, like a fox in a chicken run. Whereas a large feline predator carefully selects their quarry from amongst the herd, taking but one at a time, often dragging the kill away before feeding.

BIG CAT SIGHTINGS
This is just the latest in a long history of suspected big cat sightings. Conspiracy theorists around the country insist that big cats have been breeding in the wild since the 1970s when they were released from private zoos following the Dangerous and Wild Animals Act 1976 which prohibited the keeping of wild animals as pets. Yet the official line is that recent sightings have proved inconclusive:

Big Cats in the Cotswolds January 2012
Tests on saliva found on two deer carcasses, suspected big cat prey, in Stroud, Gloucestershire, were carried out by the University of Warwick. Dr Robin Allaby, Associate Professor at the School of Life Sciences, took 45 samples in total from the wounds of the deer carcasses and carried out hundreds of tests.  Dr Allaby said, “We did not detect cat DNA on either deer carcass.......Other than deer, by far the strongest genetic signal we found... was from a fox."

'Black leopard' caught on film in Stroud
Following the deer carcases found at Stroud earlier this year, big cat experts released video footage which they claim is evidence of a six-foot long feline predator stalking the British countryside. The footage was captured by Coryn Memory, near her house in Thrupp, Gloucestershire, in July 2009. This ten-minute film shows a large black cat prowling through a field near Stroud. Gloucestershire, big cat expert Frank Tunbridge, who has been hunting predators for years, said: "I think this footage is pretty much conclusive.”

Hazel Grove, Manchester February 2012
Peter Jackson, a semi-retired businessman, told the Manchester Evening News that he had spotted a ‘mountain lion’ type creature in the back garden of his Longnor Road home.

Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, 2009
A wildcat dubbed the Beast of Burnham Thorpe in Norfolk was spotted near the Queen’s Sandringham home. Experts claim it was either a Scottish wildcat, or a lynx. Looks distinctly like a large domesticated tabby cat and a long way from Scotland.

Helensburgh, Argyle 2009
A Ministry of Defence police dog handler saw a big black creature on a nearby railway line. The officer, who is stationed at the Faslane naval base on the Clyde, video taped the big cat which he said was as big as a Labrador dog. Big cats have been reported in the area in the past, with several sightings of the so-called 'Coulport Cougar'.

Newtown Crossroads, Herefordshire 2009
In December, Steve Hall from Hereford filmed a large black cat resembling a panther prowling across fields in rural Herefordshire. Mr Hall contacted the Hereford Times after capturing video footage of a large black cat crossing farmland near Newtown Crossroads. Witness said "this was definitely a big cat.”

Big Cat Sightings in Staffordshire 2008
In the 'cat flap' of 2008 there were over 100 reported sightings of big cats around the West Midlands in 2008, many of these focused around Cannock Chase in Staffordshire.

Derbyshire 2007
A large black cat, believed to be a young black leopard, was spotted walking along a 3ft high dry stone wall that was. By calculating the size of stones in the wall it was estimated the cat was at least 18 inches high and 3ft long, excluding the tail.

Banff, Aberdeenshire 2007
A big black panther-like animal was spotted on the prowl in broad daylight above the Links, only yards from the edge of Banff. The big cat terrified a tourist and a nearby resident has also seen the big cat. The creature is described as being five feet long and three feet high.



Source:
'Beast of Bont returns' as 20 sheep found massacred – The Telegraph, 15 May 2012


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Friday, 11 May 2012

The Trefael Stone

Standing stone confirmed as capstone of an ancient burial chamber.

Excavations by a team of archaeologist at the University of Bristol led by Dr George Nash has revealed that The Trefael Stone, a scheduled ancient monument in south-west Wales originally thought to be an ancient standing stone, was actually the capstone of a small burial chamber, probably a portal dolmen, making Trefael one of  Wales’ earliest Neolithic burial monuments at around 5,500 years old.

Significantly, the Trefael chambered tomb would have formed a triad of dolmens, with Trellyffant (Nevern) and Lech-y-Tribedd (Molygrove) within The Newport Group, all possessing outstanding capstone features in similar landscape settings.

Lech-y-Tribedd, in the Nevern Valley, has one of the most distinctive capstones in South Wales and unlikely to have been covered by a cairn, commanding one of the most outstanding views of any chambered tomb in the area, across northern Mynydd Preseli; the capstone draws the eye toward Mynydd Carningli, typically the focal point for many dolmens in this area. Lech-y-Tribedd is currently supported on three upright megaliths, in 1693 four were recorded. Legend states that St Samson threw the stones of the monument from the summit of  Mynydd Carningli. There may have a kernel of truth behind the legend as it is probable that they originated from Mynydd Preseli.

Barely 2 km south-west from Lech-y-Tribedd and in a very similar landscape setting is Trellyffant, rare in South West Wales as a double chambered tomb a type more common in North Wales, examples being found at Dyffryn Ardudwy (Harlech group) and Trefignath (Anglesey). Trellyffant has 35 cupmarks identified on the upper surface of the capstone which may be dated to the Bronze Age, however The Welsh Commission on Ancient Monuments argues that owing to the random size and distribution of the cupmarks they should be regarded as natural. Taken in isolation this view may be justified but when considered in the wider landscape it seems unlikely.

About 3km to the south-east of Trellyffant further cupmarks are found on a rock jutting out of the ground, which in 1950 Glyn Daniel suspected of being the capstone of a destroyed megalithic chamber tomb. This is the Trefael Stone, initially scheduled as a menhir or standing stone. It was first recorded by Grimes in 1929 as a large tilted slab. However, in 1972 Frances Lynch suggested the site could be a possible dolmen site. Yet until recently no geophysical survey or excavation had been carried out at the site.

The Trefael Stone
Prior to excavation in 2011 the Trefael Stone was known to have at least 28 cupmarks, 17 of which are shallow depressions, yet as the first archaeologists to fully investigate this site, Dr Nash along with colleagues Thomas Wellicome and Adam Stanford discovered a further 30 cupmarks of varying size and quality on the stone, along with an array of prehistoric artefacts that has led the team to conclude that this site was more than just a standing stone.

This, the second season of excavations, revealed a significant cairn deposit on the SE side of the Trefael Stone. At first identified through geophysical survey, this tightly-compacted cairn material, sat directly over a probable Neolithic surface. Finds were limited to a few sherds of historical pottery and two perforated water-worn shale beads similar to those found at the Early Mesolithic coastal settlement site at the Nab Head on the Pembrokeshire coast; and the remains of human bones. It is thought that the area in which the pottery and bone were recovered represents part of the former burial chamber. Further material along with a few pieces of flint appears to have been dispersed amongst the ploughed-out cairn material.  Radiocarbon-dating is yet to be carried out to confirm the age of the artefacts.

Geophysics recorded a large number of anomalies in the field to the south of the monument as well as potential archaeology within the SW corner of the field in which the Trefael Stone stands. A second trench confirmed a linear stone alignment, originally thought to be a prehistoric field boundary, but further excavation revealed it to be part of a burial cist, probably Bronze Age in date.

A missing standing stone which once stood in the northern part of the field and present on old Ordnance Survey maps, disappeared off the archaeological radar some 30 years ago, was found in a nearby hedge. At less than 35m from the Trefael Stone this stone measured around 2m in length and is thought to be made from preselite, the same rock type used in the construction of one of the stone circles at Stonehenge and seen as evidence for a wider ritualised landscape at Trefael.

Excavations continue in 2012.


Forthcoming: Nash, Stanford & Wellicome .Transcending ritual boundaries, from Dolmen to menhir: The excavation of the Trefael Stone, South-west Wales. Adoranten


Sources:
1. Archaeologists rewrite history of the Trefael Stone - University of Bristol Press release 12 April 2012
2. Trefael Excavation - The Welsh Rock Art Organisation



Further Reading:
CT Barker, The Chambered Tombs of South-west Wales: A re-assessment of the Neolithic burial monuments of Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire. Oxbow Monograph 14, 1992.
G Children & G Nash, The Neolithic monuments of Cardingshire, Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire, Logaston Press, (Revised edition) 2008.
GE Daniel, The Prehistoric Chambered Tombs of England and Wales, Cambridge, 1950.
WF Grimes, Pembrokeshire Survey, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, 5:277. 1929.
F Lynch, Portal dolmens of the Nevern Valley, Pembrokeshire, in Lynch & Burgess, Prehistoric Man in Wales & the West, pp.67-84, 1972.
G Nash, The Architecture of Death: The Neolithic Chambered Monuments of Wales. Logaston Press, 2006.


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